Bergey's manual is an accepted reference on the identification of bacteria. It has undergone gradual transformations and expansion since the time of its first publication. The American Society of Microbiology published first edition of Bergey&…
The self-ionization of water is a continuous process when it is in pure form. In this process, when there is collision of two H₂O molecules they dissociate into H + and OH - ions. There is no free hydrogen ions in the water. Because the free hydro…
Erth is a closed system, where the over all quantity of matter remains constant. Microorganisms need electron, energy and nutrients to grow. They are responsible for cyclic transformation of compounds, and therefore they are called biogeochemical age…
T4 coliphage is a phage that infect coliform bacteria especially E.coli . T4 is a double stranded DNA phage, it has a contractile sheath and an unique base 5-hydroxyl methyl cytosine (5-HMC). It is the best known member of large virulent phages. The …
The IMViC test has two drawbacks. The first, It has many controversial procedures and second is test results do not give satisfactory differentiation between fecal and non-fecal coliforms. In 1904 Eijkman proposed another test to differentiate feca…
IMViC tests are a group of individual tests used in microbiology lab testing to identify an organism in the coliform group. In this the first test is Indole test, the second one is Methyl Red, the third one is Voges Proskauer and the fourth one is Cit…
Every living organism has the fundamental capability to grow and synthesize new cell material. This requires processing of the nutrient molecules taken up by the cell and involves a series of biochemical transformations. The set of biochemical react…
Enzymatic reactions include the formation or the destruction of chemical bonds. When two or more substrate molecules are Joined, chemical bonds are formed. When a complex molecule is split into simpler compounds chemical bonds are destroyed. Both …
