Showing posts from December, 2021
Most pharmaceutical GMP systems available today incorporate some form of sterilization using steam. In situ sterilization of equipment using a medium called Pure Saturated Steam. The installation comprises of one or more pieces of processing equipme…
Fermenter provides defined conditions for the formation of biomass and product in Control temperature, pH, degree of agitation, oxygen concentration, foaming, etc Requires careful monitoring pH control device In batch culture the pH of an actively …
De Becze and Liebmann (1944) used the first large scale (above 20 litre capacity) fermenter for the production of yeast. But it was during the First World War, a British scientist named Chain Weizmann (1914-1918) developed a fermenter for the produc…
An antigen is any foreign molecule that interact with cells of immune system and could induce an immune response. Antibodies are globular proteins or immunoglobulins that react specifically with antigen that stimulated their production. These a…
Alkaline phosphates enzyme plays an important role in the growth and development of bones and teeth. It is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules. It is produced by osteoblasts of the bone and …
Antigens induce an immune response inside the body. Most of these antigens are large protein molecules some are polysaccharides and a few are glycoproteins or nucleoproteins. Self antigens are the antigens which are found on the membranes of almos…
