Showing posts from April, 2021
Markers are the tools that are used to distinguish DNA, individuals, populations or species. All the molecular marker techniques fall under two categories - 1) The Restriction based 2) PCR amplification based The Example of restriction bas…
FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridisation) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with a high degree of sequence complementarity . It is used to detect and localise the prese…
STS (Sequence Tagged Site) is a short sequence (200 to 500 base pair). That is unique in the genome. Its location and the sequence is known and therefore, it can be used as a landmark in genome mapping. STS Mapping These STSs can be…
HAT stands for Hypoxanthine Aminopterin Thymidine. The Hypoxanthine and Thymidine are the bases which are converted into nucleotides by the enzymes HGPRTase and Thymidine kinase respectively. The pathway of nucleotide synthesis, which involves th…
Each human begins his or her life from a single cell and this single cell is known as the zygote . Zygote divides again and again to form an infant further. it is the cell division because of cell cycle, we developed from an infant to an adult. …
PAGE stands for P oly A crylamide G el E lectrophoresis. This technique is mainly used to analyse proteins and small fragments of nucleic acids. As the name indicates Poly Acrylamide gel used in this method. Why polyacrylamide gel used instead of…
Pyrosequencing is a DNA sequencing method. In which incorporation of dNTPs in the DNA is detected in a form of life. Basic principle A new DNA strand is synthesized on the template strand. During DNA synthesis a phosphodiester bond is formed bet…
The melting temperature of the DNA is the temperature at which half of the DNA molecules are denatured. That means at this temperature half of the DNA molecules present in the solution will be single-stranded and other half will be double-stran…
Blot refers to the membrane, on which biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids are absorbed or immobilised. The process of transferring these molecules from a gel to a membrane followed by their detection on the membrane is known as b…
DNA is a double-stranded molecule. It is stabilized by chemical interactions. Most important of these interactions is the hydrogen bonds. In DNA double helix structure adenine(A) always pairs with thymine(T) via 2 hydrogen bonds, cysteine(C) …
Polymerase chain reaction or PCR is an in vitro technique for generating large quantities of a specific DNA sequence. In simple words it is an automated version of DNA replication. A typical PCR reaction produces millions of copies of the amplified …
Western blotting : Working Principle, Steps & Analysis Blot refers to the membrane on which biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids are immobilised. The process of transferring macromolecules from a gel to a membrane followed by …
